Petrophysical evaluation is essential in any integrated study.  A review of logs, completions, and communication with project personnel usually results in development of a petrophysical model designed to properly evaluate the hydrocarbon potential within the area.  Reservoir and pay cutoffs can also be established.  Depending on the extent and quality of the logs at the very least porosity, permeability, clay content and water saturation can be determined.  Care is taken to account for formation type and presence of fractures.  Picket plots, porosity-permeability transforms along with comparison of core and log derived attributes are common outputs for reservoir simulation.

Appropriate data from all available sources are assimilated to accurately reflect the geology present in the reservoir under study - log and core data, structure maps, conceptual geologic environment models, seismic attributes and interpretation data, interpretations from production logs and tests, etc. 

Structural and stratigraphic modeling follows with facies identification, mapping and gridding which could be simple structured to complex unstructured.  Both indicator and Gaussian simulations are performed to populate the reservoir attributes on the grid.  This results in the creation of realistic, robust upscaled geological models for input to simulation and field development planning studies, incorporating reservoir heterogeneity from the mega to the micro-scale.   Emphasis is on an iterative approach between the static and dynamic model.  Advanced Petrel models for dual-porosity systems have also been used.  Probabilistic studies of reserve estimates have helped clients in acquisition and investment decisions and reservoir simulation.

Several engineering analysis is performed prior to setting up the reservoir model.  Production diagnostics provide spatial relationship of reservoir properties.  Fluid, rock and rock fluid analysis provide and validate attributes that have been suggested form other methods or analogs. 

Some special algorithms devised in-house and other state-of-the-art methodologies cited in the literature form the basis of these analyses.  Appropriate commercial tools are used to supplement the above tasks.  Once the input data is organized and loaded to the reservoir simulation deck, a systematic plan is contemplated for the simulation project. 

Reservoir simulation is a comprehensive framework to evaluate and optimize the performance of oil and gas fields.  The influence of many key reservoir and fluid properties on oil recovery can be captured by using this method. 

Analytic tools no longer yield meaningful results for complicated reservoirs or reservoir fluids. Many key questions about the optimum development scheme for a particular reservoir can be answered by performing simulations after carefully characterizing the reservoir. By integrating these results with surface planning requirements, a robust field development plan can be developed.